Climate change is occurring and occurring today.

Today, increasingly damaging human activities all over the world pose a threat to the natural environment, biodiversity, and the lifespan of future generations. As a result, as humans, we must discover global solutions to these environmental issues. As a result, in my debut piece, I’d want to walk you through some topical subjects concerning global environmental issues. They are global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, and desertification.

Climate change

This is due to the increasing temperature of the earth’s surface, which is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. As a result, this is known as the “greenhouse effect.”

Greenhouse gas emissions

The Earth generally gets solar rays with wavelengths ranging from 0.04-to 4.4 micrometers. However, only half of them make it to Earth. The earth absorbs these photons and converts them into heat. These heat rays are then discharged into the atmosphere as infrared radiation with a wavelength of 4–100 micrometers. As a result, it contributes to the cooling of the earth’s surface.

What are the reasons?

However, an abundance of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour (H2O(g), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) in the atmosphere interferes with the earth’s ability to emit infrared radiation. As a result, the typical temperature of the earth’s surface rises. Furthermore, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) contribute to the greenhouse effect. Similarly, automobiles, industries, refrigerators, and air conditioning units are the primary emitters of these gases in the environment.

Global warming has a number of negative consequences. They are increasing sea levels; the risk of species extinction; global climate change; desertification; and the emergence and re-emergence of illnesses in the human population.

What we can accomplish is as follows:

• Use less energy for day-to-day tasks, such as lighting, by utilizing LED lighting goals, including the installation of home solar power systems and the use of alternative energy sources. Wind power is one example of a renewable energy source.
• Saving money by switching from private to public transportation to save money using fossil fuels.

• Plant a tree to prevent deforestation.

The ozone layer is being depleted.

The ozone layer works as a protective barrier for the planet by absorbing 97%–99% of the sun’s infrared radiation (UV-B). Because of air pollution, this layer has been steadily eroded since 1975. As a result, an ozone hole was identified over the Antarctic continent in 1982. It has also been revealed to be the same size as the ozone hole over the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, it has been shown that CFC is the most hazardous gas to the ozone layer.

The loss of the ozone layer has a number of negative consequences. They are at a higher risk of skin cancer, immunodeficiency, cataracts, and global climate change.

What we can accomplish is as follows:

• Proper air conditioner maintenance is

• To minimize air pollution, encourage the usage of public transportation.
• Avoid using goods that contain ozone-depleting gases.

Acid-containing rainfall

Developed countries meet their energy demands by burning coal and petroleum products. During this time, as byproducts, they release chemical oxides of nitrogen and sulfur into the upper levels of the atmosphere. After interacting with water vapour, these oxides form nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). As a result, these acids fall to the earth as rain, ice, mist, or fog and are referred to as acid rain (pH is less than 5.2).

Acid rain has a number of negative consequences. Damage to trees, flora, and aquatic creatures; changes in soil biology and chemistry due to nutrient depletion; damage to buildings, historic monuments, and sculptures; acidification of the ocean; and an increased risk of respiratory sickness among the human population are among them.

What we can accomplish is as follows:

• conserve energy and reduce electricity/energy output.

• Consume cleaner fuel on a daily basis.
• Make use of alternative energy sources.

Desertification

Man’s activities cause the degeneration of ecologically rich and fertile land into dry ground. As a result, each year, approximately 200,000 square miles of land throughout the world become desert. As a result, countries such as Africa, South America, and China are experiencing widespread desertification. As a result, experts have identified inadequate agricultural, irrigating, and farming techniques, as well as overgrazing, as the primary culprits of

Desertification.

Desertification has a number of negative consequences. Changes in natural vegetation, dust and sand storms, challenges to global food security, and the increased frequency of drought and flooding are among them.

What we can accomplish is as follows:

• Proper agricultural, farming, and irrigation management.

• Educating the general public

• As component of the “Great Green Wall Initiative.” 

What have we accomplished thus far?

Most countries throughout the world have signed several agreements and protocols to address or minimize global environmental issues. Some of the most significant historical milestones for this endeavour were the Basal Convention, Marpol Convention, Montreal Protocol, and Kyoto Protocol.

• Basal Agreement

This is the convention on the control of the transboundary transport and disposal of hazardous waste. In 1989, 173 nations signed this accord in Basal, Switzerland.

• Marpol Conference

This is the Convention to Prevent Pollution from Petroleum Products in the Sea. It was first signed in 1973. However, it was updated multiple times by adding various restrictions. They are restrictions on oil pollution prevention (1983), toxic liquid substances (1983), ships’ waste (1988), dangerous compounds transported by water in packaged form (1992), ship sewage (2003), and air pollution prevention (1984). Ship pollution caused by ships (2005)

• Protocol of Montreal

This is the protocol for ozone-depleting compounds. It was signed in Canada in 1987. It has been in operation since 1989. The goal of this protocol was to eliminate or reduce the use of CFCs and other dangerous toxic gases that erode the ozone layer by the year 2000. However, by 1996, the goal had been met.

• Protocol of Kyoto

This was the protocol for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. This agreement was signed in Japan by 37 nations in 1997. Furthermore, by the end of 2009, 187 nations had signed and agreed to this convention. Furthermore, in 2012, developed nations cut greenhouse gas emissions by 5%–8%.

Not only are these efforts being made, but there are also the most recent conventions, treaties, and agreements between states to safeguard Mother Nature and humanity. As a result, we have a responsibility to maintain sustainable development in the direction of environmental management.